Audience Analysis - 1154 Words

Effective communication in the business world must be mastered to be successful in the competitive market. Individuals will need to learn about their audience to know the best way to convey their messages effectively. If individuals do not analyze their audience first, then their messages will be lost to some of the audience who may not understand the level of language. With diversity in the business environment, individuals must ensure that when they speak to an audience that they gear their message to everyone. When addressing a situation in which diversity is present, speakers must always design communication with the audience in mind. To achieve effective communication in a diverse audience, speakers must consider the characteristics†¦show more content†¦If the speaker does not know the audience then he or she will interpret the Chinese’s eye contact to be surprised and not angered. The next consideration a speaker must keep in mind is that when presenting an oral communication, how the speaker carries his or her voice is crucial from the audience point of view. The speaker’s tone of voice, whether rising or lowering the voice, indicates if he or she is uncertain or confident and whether the speaker is sincere or sarcastic. The pitch of the speaker’s voice from low to high will determine the effectiveness of the presentation. Low-pitched voices are more pleasant to listen to than high-pitched voices; on the other hand, there are times when high-pitched voices are required such as to show excitement for goals met. Besides watching for the voice pitch, the speaker must remember to stres s a word or words in the sentence to emphasize the main points of the presentation. Also the speaker must ensure the volume of his or her tone can be heard by the audience who sits in the back room without shouting. Speakers who change their tone, pitch, and stress as they speak are more enthusiastic, energetic, and more intelligent (Locker Kienzler, 2008). To ensure the message is effective, the speaker must state the purpose of the meeting at the beginning and allow enough time to discuss any questions the audience may have. While making the presentation, the speaker needs to pay attention to the audienceShow MoreRelatedAudience Analysis : Characteristics Of My Classroom Audience981 Words   |  4 PagesAudience Analysis: Characteristics of my Classroom Audience Audience analysis is described as the process of examining information about your listeners. Then using that analysis helps you adapt your message so that your listeners will respond as you wish (Steven A. and Susan J. Beebe, 2015). It is highly important to read your audience when presenting a speech, the first thing I noticed about my classroom audience was everyone has a good sense of humor and were open minded as to what they might beRead MoreEssay on Audience Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesAudience Analysis 1 In this audience analysis, I have addressed a situation in which I am called on to present quarterly sales information at an in-person meeting to a group of stakeholders, including managers, salespeople, and customers. I will explain how I will address the communication to this audience by answering the following questions: (1) What characteristics of the audience must I consider?, (2) What communication channels are appropriate? (3) What are some considerationsRead MoreAudience Analysis : Touch My Body 1361 Words   |  6 PagesDerek Hurd Mr. Kelley English 104-17 17 September 2014 Audience Analysis SISTAR is made up of four women Hyolyn, Bora, Soyou, and Dasom. They made their debut in South Korea with the hit song â€Å"Push Push† and have had many other popular songs. One of their most recent singles â€Å"Touch My Body,† is a feel good summer song that targets a couple of different audiences. SISTAR’s song goes after females from the ages of 12 to 25 by using the trendiest fashion, their appearances, and how they carry themselvesRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Target Audience1770 Words   |  8 PagesTarget Audience TrakDot’s target audience are business professionals and/or those who travel or vacation frequently. In any case, these individuals have common traits that can be used to more easily identify the target market. The individuals that we intend to target are between the ages of 30 to 60 years of age since that represents the working class, these individuals that we are looking to target will also be middle to high income earners. According to creditdonkey.com, there are 488 million businessRead MoreWebmd And National Institutes Health For The Audience Analysis On Meningitis Topic Essay909 Words   |  4 Pageson WebMD and National Institutes Health for the audience analysis on meningitis topic. To figure how they present their information to audiences, I write you this memo for an evaluation and comparison of two websites about their audiences and persuasive strategies they use. Analyzing on writing styles and web designs of these sites tell us the sites’ expected audiences, while the collected data of these two sites’ traffic show their real audiences. The result is the expectation on the big distinctionRead MoreAudience Analysis : My Audience1798 Words   |  8 PagesAudience Analysis: My audience will consist of different age groups, genders, and educational background. For example, the audience members are made up of ages between 12 years old and 60 years old. Also, there is a diversity of educational background among each audience member. For instance, two audience members obtained a college degree, as for, three audience members they are still attending high school. For this reason, I desire to define assertiveness in demeanor for all ages and educationalRead MoreAudience Analysis850 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyzing the Audience: Analysis of the audience is an important part of the presentation of a speech that precedes the selection of a topic. This process requires asking specific questions regarding the topic in order to understand the interests, knowledge, and attitudes of the audience towards the topic. As part of adopting strategies and methods to ensure effectiveness of communication, analyzing the audience is vital for audience identification. Moreover, this process enables the speaker toRead MoreAudience Analysis Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesGym’s weight room, it was easy to figure out what type of audience would be interested in my essay. Based off this audience, I developed a persona who represents the weight room community by combining many of the characteristics I observed in individuals in the weight room. My developed persona is an ideal representative of an â€Å"insider† to the weight room community, as well as a representative of my essay’s audience. The type of audience who would be interested in the essay I wrote would be membersRead MoreAnalysis of the Characteristics of Audience601 Words   |  2 PagesCommunication general Audience characteristics Analysis of the audience is a key step when preparing for the presentation. It is hence important to study the audience characteristics before the presentation time. The characteristics are broadly categorized into two; The demographic characteristics include factors like gender, race, age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status of the people in the audience. The psychographic characteristics include the attitudes, values, interests, likes and dislikesRead MoreAudience Analysis Paper1125 Words   |  5 Pagesconfines of this paper, I will be discussing the time I had an opportunity to step in and give a presentation in the absence of my Director of Operations. The audience consisted of several members of my own organization and members from another organization that my company wanted to partner with. I will further analyze what characteristics of the audience I considered at the time and what I deemed as appropriate communication channels in order to get my message out. I’ll furthermore provide a conclusion

Women s View Of A Patriarchal World - 1279 Words

With a medieval Europe’s view of a patriarchal world, the idea of women as an inferiority to men was inevitable. However, the idea of women being â€Å"the wicked of all wickedness† (Kramer) elevated such view into what we know as misogyny. The medieval witch trials exemplifies the product of gender specific hatred outweighing the initial view of religious cleansing and stability. Thus, one argues that while both men and women were accused of being witches, the driving force behind such hysterical event was a fear or hatred of women by authorities- who were in fact mainly men. In the early stages of the witch craze some theologians saw the need to repress such hysteria before it was too late. One such theologian, Saint Augustine argued that God alone could suspend the normal laws of the universe. In his view, â€Å"neither Satan nor witches had supernatural powers or were capable of effectively invoking magic of any sort. It was the error of the pagans to believe in some other divine power than the one God. Of course, if witches are indeed powerless, the Church need not overly concern itself with their spells or other attempts at mischief † (Linder, 2005). But, with the belief of the devil’s agenda to tempt the followers of God into wrongdoings, the Roman Catholics decentralized the idea of magic into two phases; that of god – which is good magic, and that of the devil- which is witchcraft or sorcery. An outlook that Thomas Aquinas expanded on in his work the SummaShow MoreRelatedFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 P agesThe Republic of Gilead, a dystopian world with a patriarchal society, is displayed in Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale. More specifically, the novel takes place in what used to be considered the United States but is now being called the Republic of Gilead where freedoms and rights have been excluded, especially for women. The society nurtures a â€Å"theocratic, patriarchal, nightmare world created by men, with the complicity of women† (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). The separation of the freedoms betweenRead MoreOppression In The Yellow Wallpaper1422 Words   |  6 PagesGilman sheds light on the social oppression women faced in their everyday lives. The story was told in first person to enable the reader to view the injustice that women had to endure at the time. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman successfully used first person to expose the discrimination women faced at the end of her century, without the use of first person, Gilmanâ⠂¬â„¢s message would have gone unheard. From the very beginning, Gilman absorbs you into the world of the protagonist as she battles herRead MoreWomenS Rights And Economic Progress Are Highly Correlated.1212 Words   |  5 PagesWomen s rights and economic progress are highly correlated. In today s developed countries, by large, women hold the same legal rights as men. Two hundred years ago, in most parts of the world women were considered possessions of men and had no primary benefits of their own, thus living in Patriarchal societies. â€Å"Patriarchy is a social structure in which men are regarded as having a monopoly on power and women are expected to submit.†(Boundless, Par. 1) The sources of patriarchy are closely relatedRead MoreHow Has White Patriarchy Affected Black Masculinity?1339 Words   |  6 PagesEssay: How has white patriarchy affected black masculinity? White patriarchy has strongly affected black masculinity in many ways. Historically, as slaves black men were taught that dominance and patriarchal control over women was their right, and an integral part of masculinity.1 Living in white patriarchal society, where powerful white men are the standard of masculinity, many black men may struggle to find an identity which reflects themselves in a society where they are considered â€Å"other.† Due toRead MoreJane Bronte s The Modern World Of Women1512 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s Shirley is a novel which challenges and reflects the 19th century ideology of the world of women, which was restricted and unwavering at the time. Bronte’s detailed portrayal of female characters navigate the tropes of conventional femininity in her novel, in which she has created a clear spectrum of femininity and unfemininity. The female character’s main roles and functions demonstrate the ways in which they allocate va rious socio-economic indicators for marriage, how they defineRead MoreA Patriarchal Society By Jean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea801 Words   |  4 PagesA patriarchal society is a world in which men are the sole decision makers and hold positions of power. As a result, women are introduced to a world made by men, and a history refined by a man s actions. In Jean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea, conceptions of gender are purposefully problematized. Women characters such as Antoinette and Christophine are pitilessly exposed to constraints of an imperial world.Wide Sargasso Sea presents a modern form of feminism which takes into account the intricacy ofRead MoreConflict Between Cultural And Historical Norms893 Words   |  4 PagesWomen, whether in the western world or third world countries, are socialised in patriarchal societies where misogyny is often internalised. As a result women often make choices, which reflect their subordinate status to keep to the norm and stabilise themselves econom ically and socially. Women in countries in sub- Saharan Africa, South and East Asian areas, though in differing contexts face similar struggles of subservience and manipulation. Women accommodate, resist or adapt to the sexist oppressiveRead MoreThe Rise And Influence Of The Feminist Movement1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1970’s Throughout history, America has often distinguished men as primary leaders who have the utmost dominance. Whether it is the political, economical, or social status of a person, men have persistently controlled –with few rights given to women. For centuries, women were treated as their husband’s property; they did not have legal rights of any kind when it came to money and did not have management over their earnings (History-World). With men being the superior power, women had lessRead MoreThe Theory And The Animal Liberationist One Of The Great Part Of It By Linda Hogan1712 Words   |  7 Pagessymptoms of the disease and trying to undermine their effects rather than dealing with the roots of the disease itself would not result in the total healing of it. That is why dealing with the conceptual roots of the connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of nature is a must. That is why studying mythology is essential here because it is the myth that forms the conscious of the peoples and somehow represents the roots from which they gain their true essence and consequently theirRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath Tales And Chaucers The Canterbury Tales791 Words   |  4 Pagesappalling degradation of women as being witches, foul-fiends and tempting creatures in literature, too. She admits that men’s â€Å"dead body did not feel the spade and the sewer as [her] live body felt the fire† (92). Shakespeare depicts Joan, in Henry VI, as â€Å"a ‘troll,’ ‘witch,’ ‘strumpet,’ ‘foul fiend of France’ (qtd. in Sarawsat 90). Likewise, Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales represents the ‘wife of Bath Tale’ as bawdy. The protagonist Alison â€Å"still submits to the rule of patriarchal world†, she suffers because

Backpacking A Different Way Of Camping free essay sample

Backpacking: A Different Way Of Camping Essay, Research Paper Backpacking: A Different Way of Camping What is bivouacing? To most people, it is perceived as a clip to pack up the auto, thrust to local cantonment evidences, and spend the weekend in the great out-of-doorss. It is a clip to lark with household and friends around a campfire, singing vocals, playing games, and roasting marshmallows while listening to ghost narratives that can merely be heard while bivouacing. However, to the avid backpacker, bivouacing takes on a different position. While sing the great out-of-doorss is really similar to auto encampment, backpacking is really different in many respects. Preparation for backpacking and auto encampment and the venues where one can put up cantonment are really different. In either instance, sing the great out-of-doorss and its natural beauty can non be surpassed. With auto bivouacing the lone existent restriction is one # 8217 ; s vehicle. A individual is limited to the vehicle # 8217 ; s capacity to carry or tow. For illustration, a camper will convey a range, a 12 adult male collapsible shelter, two ice chests of meat and murphies, five gallons of H2O, and possibly tow a camper. On the other manus, when backpacking, the fortunes are really different. One is limited to his or her ain capablenesss: the sum of weight that can be carried, endurance degrees, merely to call a few. Commissariats must be carefully measured. If overloaded, it can impact public presentation while boosting to one # 8217 ; s finish, but if non adequate commissariats are carried it, will impact how long one can last out in the wilderness. The equipment must be minute in size and weight. Particular lightweight ranges, collapsible shelters, kiping bags, and apparels must be used when backpacking. The mean weight of a full back pack is about thirty- five lbs. A camper is wholly dependent on what is in his or her back pack to last in nature. Reaching one # 8217 ; s concluding finish for auto encampment and backpacking are besides really different. To acquire to the campground while auto encampment, one follows a Ro ad map to the park, drives to the Texas Ranger station, picks up a base on balls, and pulls in to the campground. Depending on the size of the park, there are normally 50 to one hundred campgrounds filled with weekend warriors. While backpacking, making the campground is a greater undertaking. First, the backpacker enters the park, gets a base on balls from the Texas Ranger station, and drives to the trail head. At the trail head one loads his or her cogwheel in the back pack and steadfastly attaches it to their waist and back. Finally, the backpackers hikes two to twelve stat mis to make their finish, following a topographical map and using a compass. If one is fortunate, there will be person bivouacing at the same site. Backpacking is normally done by oneself or in a group. Traveling to the public toilet is besides really different in both instances. For one, there are no portable public toilets while backpacking. A shovel and lavatory paper are a backpacker # 8217 ; s merely agencies. One picks a topographic point, digs a hole, and knee bends. It is a really peaceable experience with the birds chirping, the air current blowing, and trees rocking. While auto encampment, there is normally a communal public toilet that about ever odors of germicides or deodourants. Car encampment and backpacking are two signifiers of bivouacing that differ from each other in the regard that backpacking is a more independent signifier of bivouacing. If one feels like get awaying the metropolis merely for a few yearss, one can skip into a auto and thrust to a campsite. It is comparatively easy to fix for auto encampment, but backpacking is much more strict and requires much planning. Though more modification in what one can transport, backpacking allows a individual to see the out-of-doorss in a manner that auto encampment can non. The most beautiful sights are seen while backpacking, and this is because a auto can merely take one so far. Most backpackers experience something that most auto campers will neer see: the beauty of nature untouched by common adult male. Regardless of the manner of researching the great out-of-doorss, an exciting escapade awaits.

Nursing Workforce in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Workforce in Australia. Answer: Nursing Workforce in Australian Healthcare system The nursingprofession is a major discipline in thehealth care sector and is principally focused on working towards taking care of all individuals, families, or communities, which are currently in distress. The basic aim of nursing is to maintain and attain delivery of optimal health care services, thereby increasing the overall wellbeing and quality of life of the service users. In other words, nurses are most often differentiated on the basis of the approach they take to care for their patients (Chang et al., 2012). Hence, the nursing workforce is regarded as a major factor that helps in tackling problems that are continuously faced by the healthcare systems, The primary condition to establish this workforce includes establishment of optimal conditions that help the nurses to realize their potential. The report will illustrate the sustainability of nursing workforce and will further elaborate on its strengths and weakness and will also identify opportunities for retention of nurses. Discussion Background Australian nurses are found to work either independently or in collaboration with members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that includes mental health facilities, remote and rural nursing regions, residential aged care facilities and indigenous communities (Health Workforce Australia,2014). Australia is found to demonstrate two different levels of regulated nurses, such as, enrolled nurse and registered nurses (Buchan, O'may Dussault, 2013). The role of registered nurses requires them to work at an advanced level that is facilitated by the attainment of an appropriate post-graduate qualification. This makes them eligible for seeking endorsement as nurse practitioners. Furthermore, enrolled nurses also play an essential role in the Australian healthcare system and work in a range of settings namely, aged care facilities, rehabilitation centers and acute hospital wards. Their role requires optimal delivery of care services to all patients and also makes them responsible for responding to emergency situations (Lowe et al., 2012). The innovative role that the Australian nursing workforce aims to provide to its clients include improving access to the internet, providing cost-efficient care services, targeting and recognizing the at-risk population, and providing outreach care services in all settings (Buchan et al., 2015). Hence, the primary duty of the workforce is to make its employees work at advanced levels across a range of clinical settings. In addition, to adoring their roles in the public healthcare sector, the nurse practitioners are also responsible for providing efficient primary healthcare services either in the form of generalist or specia list nursing (Thomas, Chaperon Federation, 2013) . Workforce across different sectors According to statistical reports of 2015, maximum percentage of enrolled and registered nurses are found employed in the acute sector that provides care to people suffering from a range of conditions such as, metabolic disorders, infections, and degenerative conditions. This was followed by high proportions in aged care, medical and surgical units, succeeded by peri-operative and mental health sectors. Lowest proportion of the nursing workforce was found in community nursing, rehabilitiation and paediatric units (Health Workforce Australia, 2014). Thus, variations in the nursing workforce are also governed by complexities of the different care sectors. Geographic distribution According to the government reports published in 2012, more than a quarter of the registered nurses worked in New South Wales (29%), and another quarter in Victoria (26%). Further data reveals a considerably low percentage of registered nurses working in Queensland (20%). Similar results were obtained in 2015 data for New South Wales (29.51%), Victoria (26.02%), and Queensland (19.95%). Thus, comparison of the aforementioned data indicates that geographic distribution plays a significant role in determining the nursing workforce with the maximum contributions from New South Wales and minimum from Queensland. Differences were observed with regards to the distribution of enrolled nurses in 2015, with 21.95% in New South Wales (23% in 2012) and 33.17% in Victoria (33.79% in 2012). Thus, regions of South Australia significantly contribute to more nursing workforce than other territories and states. Higher proportions of male workforce are contributed by Northern territory (Health Workfor ce Australia, 2014). Health Workforce Data The national board in combination with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) is the sole regulatory agency that governs the registration of 14 health professionals. Data from the annual registration process contains exhaustive information on the employment and demographic information for all healthcare professionals (Health Workforce Australia,2014). The National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (NRAS) led to the establishment of AHPRA in 2010. The nursing roles have seen great improvements in the past decades and the roles have become increasingly diverse and complex (Halcomb et al., 2014). A summary of the workforce characteristics of registered nurses, enrolled n nurses and all employed nurses are given below: Workforce characteristics 2009 2012 2015 Headcount 225,040 238,520 253,010 FTE nurses 198,924 212,659 225,344 FTE per 100,000 population 905.9 936.4 947.6 Male proportion 9.8 10.4 11.0 Average age (years) 44.2 44.3 44.5 Proportion aged 50+ (%) - 37.7 23.65 Table 1A- Workforce characteristics of employed Registered Nurses Source- (Health Workforce Australia,2014) Workforce characteristics 2009 2012 2015 Headcount 51,711 51,624 55,383 FTE nurses 43,614 42,467 46,753 FTE per 100,000 population 198.2 187.0 196.6 Male proportion 8.9 9.2 9.9 Average age (years) 44.9 46.0 45.5 Proportion aged 55+ (%) - 45.5 28.77 Table 1B- Workforce characteristics of employed Enrolled Nurses Source- (Health Workforce Australia,2014) Workforce characteristics 2009 2012 2015 Headcount 276,751 290,144 331,015 FTE nurses 242,521 255,174 307,104 FTE per 100,000 population 1,104 1,123 1,077 Male proportion 9.6 10.2 10.7 Average age (years) 44.3 44.6 44.4 Proportion aged 55+ (%) 36.3 39.1 39.0 Table 1C- Workforce characteristics of all employed nurses (including Midwives) Source- (Health Workforce Australia,2014) Thus, an analysis of the workforce data suggests that a significant improvement has been observed in the number of employed registered and enrolled nurses, recruited by the Australian workforce (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018). The aforementioned data suggests that women made up more than 89.3% of the nursing workforce in Australia. Similar results were also observed in its previous year (2014). Furthermore, the average age of the employees was found to be 44.4 years, which in turn indicates that the nursing workforce is made up of experienced members having years of sound clinical expertise. The tables also indicate that the proportion of registered and enrolled nurses aged higher than 50 years have considerably reduced since 2012, thereby signifying efforts taken up by the government to recruit more nursing professionals. Workforce supply The major aspect regarding workforce supply refers to the average age group that indicates the imminent retirement of all older nurses and workforce that in turn will create subsequent impacts on the strength of workforce (Health.gov.au, 2018). Moreover, it will result in an increase in ageing workforce in future as well. Recent researchers suggest that countries such as, Australia have been successful in maintaining an almost similar ratio of nursing professionals (Shacklock Brunetto, 2012). Recent reports suggests that the fact that Australia avoided recession and continued to recruit more employees in the nursing and midwifery workforce from other countries significantly added to the numbers. There are a plethora of factors that help in maintaining a well-supported nursing workforce that is critical to delivery of safe and competent care services. Workforce planning and education- Regular and on-going dialogue between the stakeholders involved in nursing workforce planning, the professional associations and the education planners are responsible to making each sector well informed for preparing the workforce according to the needs of the target population (Crettenden et al., 2014). Education investment- The Australian government spends significant amount of money in training and providing education for all healthcare personnel who enter the nursing workforce (Health Workforce Australia, 2012). Clinical placement- This acts as an essential component of education that is imperative for the nursing programs. Strengths The major strengths of the Australian nursing workforce are given below: It offers steady employment to a huge number of people and is also responsible for increasing education of most healthcare members. Registered nurses are found to get better compensation than most other nursing staff There is a growing body of evidence that suggests the positive contributions made by nursing care practitioners on the overall health and wellbeing of all individuals An increase in the number of Registered Nurses will be sufficient to replace the huge rates of retirement of experienced nurse (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018). Huge nursing workforce and the existing healthcare policies are imperative in influencing strong public perceptions regarding the profession. Weakness New registered nurses are often unprepared for providing value based care that is able to meet the needs and preferences of the clients The new enrolled nursing workforce fails to ensure delivery of optimal care services in an cost-effective manner (Chang et al., 2012). Uneven growth of nursing workforce is observed across several parts of Australia Registered and enrolled nurses are more likely to face problems due to shortages of physicians, retirement of the aged workforce, implementation of new health legislation and policies and aging baby boom generations. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that nurses form one of the major components of the Australian healthcare workforce and are responsible for providing care to all people, across their entire lifespan. One major aspect of the Australian nursing workforce can be related to imminent retirement of older nurses who from a major proportion of the entire workforce. Thus, efforts are taken by the government to retain the nursing workforce, which in turn is facilitated by recruitment of more registered and enrolled nurses. Major recommendations for the Australian nursing workforce identified in the sustainability report involve bringing about efficient leadership for building workforce capacity that will facilitate the nursing managers to lead innovation in their workplace. Increased efforts for improving career preparation during the early years and providing necessary support at the workplace are major changes that have been identified by the Australian Health Workforce. There is also a need to en able innovations in the workplace related to staff arrangements and optimization of nursing roles. These recommendations will also prove effective in increasing retention of registered and enrolled nurses in 2018 due to the fact that these recommendations will help in improving provisions for implementation of evidence-based nursing that would facilitate decision making skills. Upon implementation in current scenario, the nurses would receive encouragement to innovate upon their roles and duties. These innovations would also make the registered and enrolled nurses aware of their importance in the organisations, thereby facilitating efficient delivery of care services and resource allocation. Acquisition of management and leadership skills would also motivate them towards career progression. References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018).Workforce Reports - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/health-welfare-services/workforce/reports Buchan, J., O'may, F., Dussault, G. (2013). Nursing workforce policy and the economic crisis: a global overview.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,45(3), 298-307. Buchan, J., Twigg, D., Dussault, G., Duffield, C., Stone, P. W. (2015). Policies to sustain the nursing workforce: an international perspective.International nursing review,62(2), 162-170. Chang, A. M., Gardner, G. E., Duffield, C., Ramis, M. A. (2012). Advanced practice nursing role development: factor analysis of a modified role delineation tool.Journal of advanced nursing,68(6), 1369-1379. Crettenden, I. F., McCarty, M. V., Fenech, B. J., Heywood, T., Taitz, M. C., Tudman, S. (2014). How evidence-based workforce planning in Australia is informing policy development in the retention and distribution of the health workforce.Human resources for health,12(1), 7. Halcomb, E. J., Salamonson, Y., Davidson, P. M., Kaur, R., Young, S. A. (2014). The evolution of nursing in Australian general practice: a comparative analysis of workforce surveys ten years on.BMC family practice,15(1), 52. Health Workforce Australia.(2012).Health Workforce 2025 Doctors, Nurses and Midwives.Retrieved from https://submissions.education.gov.au/forms/archive/2015_16_sol/documents/Attachments/Australian%20Nursing%20and%20Midwifery%20Accreditation%20Council%20(ANMAC).pdf. Health Workforce Australia.(2014).AUSTRALIAS FUTURE HEALTH WORKFORCE Nurses Detailed Report (August 2014).Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/34AA7E6FDB8C16AACA257D9500112F25/$File/AFHW%20-%20Nurses%20detailed%20report.pdf. Health Workforce Australia.(2014).Nursing Workforce Sustainability: Improving Nurse Retention and Productivity (August 2014).Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/29418BA17E67ABC0CA257D9B00757D08/$File/Nursing%20Workforce%20Sustainability%20-%20Improving%20Nurse%20Retention%20and%20Productivity%20report.pdf. Health.gov.au. (2018).Department of Health | Health Workforce Data. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health_workforce_data Lowe, G., Plummer, V., OBrien, A. P., Boyd, L. (2012). Time to clarifythe value of advanced practice nursing roles in health care.Journal of advanced nursing,68(3), 677-685. Shacklock, K., Brunetto, Y. (2012). The intention to continue nursing: work variables affecting three nurse generations in Australia.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 36-46. Thomas, I., Chaperon, Y., Federation, A. N. (2013). Submission to the health workforce Australia consultation paper on nursing workforce retention and productivity.Australian Nursing Federation. Retrieved from: https://anf.org.au/documents/submissions/ANF_submission_HWA_Retention_Productivity_May_2013.pd

Sociology of Everyday Life

Sociologists and philosophers have developed a number of theories to explain everyday life and other related issues such as social relations, face to face interactions, the construction and conception of social realities among others. While some sociologists believe that every day life is a stream of disorganized events, others contradict this view and propose that daily events are deliberately contracted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is among the many definitions of sociology of everyday life (Allan 53). The sociology of everyday life is important to the study of Sociology since it enables sociologist to understand the complexities of everyday life and the factors that determine social interactions. Harold Garfinkel and Erving Goffman are among major sociologists who have contributed to the study of sociology of every day life. Goffman and Garfi nkel agree that there exist social rules which govern daily lives. By following these rules, people become actors. Furthermore, through daily interactions people express themselves. Therefore, Garfinkel’s and Goffman’s contributions are vital to the understanding the sociology of everyday life Garfinkel’s and Goffman’s ideologies on the sociology of daily life have been interpreted differently by critics. However, the two sociologists agree that through social interactions, societies are made (Allan 257). Garfinkel and Goffman further agree that there exist rules which govern how people interact. These rules are socially constructed and are the basis of establishing a well ordered society. Goffmanian school of thought postulates that social rules are useful in daily life interactions since they not only help in directing social interactions but also help people to make â€Å"social meaning and the definition of the self† (Maynard 278). In this rega rd, Goffmanian school of thought suggests that self identity is created through social interactions. To explain this concept, Goffman uses heterosexuals as examples and suggest that heterosexuals can determine how people perceive them by managing how they appear in public. According to Garfinkel daily interactions are governed by preexisting rules which cannot be easily changed (Allan 83). This implies that the society is made up of rigid rules, whose adherence determines how people fit into it. Garfinkel and Goffman acknowledge that societies cannot exist without rules. Furthermore, both Goffman and Garfinkel focus on the relationship between people and these rules. Both Garfinkel and Goffman postulate that people’s lives are governed by existing rules. This suggests that people are actors in every day life. Goffman suggest that rules enable people to conduct daily interactions. By asserting that rules are interactions enablers, Goffman elevates people above the rules.Advert ising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that social rules exist to serve the complex and dynamic nature of human interactions needs. As such, the rules can change or be violated as human needs evolve. Goffman adds that violating the rules does not threaten social interactions but enables actors to derive new social meanings. As such, through social interactions, people portray their self-centeredness (Allan 56). Similarly, Garfinkel explains that social interactions occur within rigid social rules. However, Garfinkel contradicts Goffman and explains that social norms do not change within the course of interaction. As such people become actors since they follow predetermined social norms. This implies that, unlike Goffman, Garfinkel elevates social rules above the actor. As such, the rules do not exist to serve the actor but to govern the way the actors conduct daily interactions ( Maynard 278). Therefore, actors have to continuously learn what the society requires of them so as to maintain social order. Both Garfinkel and Goffman assert that daily interactions are a way of expressing the self. Garfinkelian school of thought postulates that a person is made up of two major components; personality and the self. These components don’t evolve but are constructed. The self is different from the personality. Sociology does not explain personality since the personality is not constructed socially. Rather, it is constructed psychologically. On the other hand, psychology cannot explain the self since the self is constructed socially. Therefore, self identity is constructed through the sociology of everyday life. Garfinkelian school of thought concludes that daily interactions not only help to construct but also to express the self (Allan 54). Similarly, Goffmanian school of thought stipulates that the self is expressed through social interactions. The self is c overt and the only way it can be revealed is through face-to-face interactions. Through these interactions, people give social signal which reveal personal traits. These social signals help others form notions about us (Allan 157). As such, Garfinkel and Goffman suggest that social interactions not only help in forming self identity but also expressing it. Garfinkel and Goffman have made major contributions to sociology of everyday life, with significant effects on the wider field of sociology. The two sociologists have asserted that the society is a product of social interactions since people construct and derive meaning through face to face interactions. Within the process of daily interactions, there exist rules which govern how people interact. As such, people become actors. Social interactions are also significant since they not only enable people to express themselves but also in contracting self identity. Despite the fact that Garfinkel and Goffman differ on some aspects, the ir theories have made significant contribution to sociology of everyday life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Allan, Kenneth. Contemporary Social and Sociological Theory: Visualizing Social ` Words. Thousands Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2010. Print. Maynard, Douglas. â€Å"Goffman, Garfinkel, and Games.† Sociological Theory 9.2 (1991): ` 277-279. Web. This essay on Sociology of Everyday Life was written and submitted by user Zoe Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Chain of Command

Essay on Chain of Command Essay on Chain of Command Essay on Chain of CommandIn the literature, military documents, media propaganda, in conversations, in official documents dealing with military matters, we can constantly meet the terms military unit, company, battalion, army, the chain of command, etc. Of course, all the terms are clear and simple for the military people because they immediately understand what is going on when they hear all those words. But all these terms are not fully clear for ordinary civil people, while the concept of the chain of command may confuse them. Thus, the main aims of the assignment are to explore the chain of command in the military and to explain why the use of the concept is so important.To begin, it is necessary to define the meaning of the concept of the â€Å"chain of command† because it will help to plunge into the issue with more details in further discussion. In a military context, taking into account a presence of strict military discipline and the system of military relations asso ciated with the hierarchy, the chain of command is the certain line of authority and responsibility when orders are passed within a certain military unit and between different military units (Laver and Matthews, 2008). It means that the chain of command is also a kind of the route of communication, when the military unit is working as a team and all the information goes into two directions, one kind of information goes up the Chain, as well as other kind of information, including instructions and commands go down the Chain. To be more specific, Coakley explained that â€Å"Orders are transmitted down the chain of command, from a higher-ranked soldier, such as a commissioned officer, to lower-ranked personnel who either execute the order personally or transmit it down the chain as appropriate, until it is received by those expected to execute it† (Coakley, 1992). Such an approach was formed historically, and it was considered to be the most effective way of communication a lon g period ago because it allows not only to control all the process within the area of military service but also to provide all the information timely in both directions.Dwelling on the importance of the chain of command, it is good to note that the chain of command distinguishes the relationship of juniors and seniors within the military organization. It goes without saying that an effective chain of command is important to all varieties of military services, including navy because it helps to carry out the mission. Moreover, the chain of command established by delegation of authority is the hallmark of every big organization and military structure. For instance, European chain of command starts with the commander in chief of U.S. forces in Europe, General of the Army, who is located in NATO Headquarters in Brussels and still stands as the supreme commander of the allied forces of NATO.In conclusion, we have observed the concept of the â€Å"chain of command† from various per spectives and demonstrated that in the military, all formal communication should be sent to the chain of commands. Anyone who has a problem can not be accessed through the head of his immediate supervisor to senior executives on this issue. Also senior executive can not issue orders to lower-level soldier, bypassing intermediate levels. Of course, due to the power and informal relations, people sometimes manage to bypass the chain of command even in the armed forces, where this principle rigidly enforced, but such cases are so rare that they need no additional mentioning.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Assignment Example wis Mandell, American consumers feel much secured about their life after retirement because of Social Security, therefore, they believe that nothing bad can happen to them (Gardner). 3) Economic conditions are also contributing to the American’s cut way back on savings. For example, the high rate of unemployment and decline in average earnings of consumers during the previous few years along with the increase in housing, education and healthcare costs have increased the financial stress on Americans, thereby, making it difficult to fulfill their basic needs. 4) Consumers are getting more materialistic and they do not consider the difference between ‘need’ and ‘want’ and it is evident from the fact that they want to have latest cell phone, iPods, fast cars etc. Generally, when a person earns bonus, he is more likely to think how to spend it rather than thinking about how much they can earn in future by savings and

Hasbro Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hasbro - Assignment Example The task requires that I use the least amount of time to complete tasks. I will derive satisfaction from work when I complete the tasks as required by the company. Financial results promote practices that are beneficial. It is most probable that triumphant employees will enjoy working in companies that are profitable. Therefore, for individuals like Peaches Belanger, salary increment, improved conditions of work, and improved living conditions, increased sales, and improved profits will enhance their job satisfaction. Moreover, life satisfaction is associated with job satisfaction (Steel 49). The investors upgrade the working equipment to suit workers needs. This will cause life satisfaction and in turn job satisfaction. Ideas in Dispositional Theory and Job Characteristic Theory best explain the satisfaction advantage of Rob Daviau’s over Peaches Belanger. Dispositional Theory explains that individuals contain inner dispositions that cause satisfaction despite the jobs that they do. Job Characteristic Theory highlights the impact of job characteristics on job results (Steel 49). Daviau’s job comprises autonomy, task identity, skill variety, and task significance. In contrast, Belanger’s work entails task significance. This means Daviau’s work has a large significance than Belanger’s, making him more satisfied than

Answer exam question1a 1b Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer exam question1a 1b - Essay Example Nonetheless, this section of paper will focus on discussing the internal and external causes of conflicts in organizations operating in an international context. Internal Conflict Internal sources of conflicts involve interpersonal conflicts among people within the organization; for instance, this can be between employees or employees and their employer. Therefore, this form of conflict occurs within the organization, and this is manifested in a situation when people’s values or morals are compromised. On the other hand, these conflicts results to a significant deal of stress among employees involved; in fact, they are expected to solve these problems depending on the situation (Rees & Porter, 2008, 64). Apparently, internal conflicts a significant impact on employees’ level of performance. In this case, in this case there is a need to deal with the situation of internal conflicts through talks in order to resolve the conflict or avoid an escalation of the situation. Ex ternal Conflict External causes of conflict involve people within the organization, and outsiders; in fact, these forms of conflicts are subject to interventions by outsiders, who are observers such as customers and suppliers. On the other hand, external conflicts result from management styles, whereby the owner may fail to set well with employees in an organization. Furthermore, there are cases that involve government intervention in the business, which may result to conflicts between the government and employees. 2. b) Critically assess with reference to course concepts, possible strategies that an international manager may use to successfully manage conflict that is having a negative effect on operations. Introduction There are cases where conflicts in the workplace have positive or negative impact; for instance, the positive impact involves facilitating identification of issues that are points of weaknesses in the organization. Another positive impact involves improvement of neg otiation and mediation skills in the working places (Edwards & Rees, 2006, 45). Nevertheless, there are cases when these conflicts become constant and overwhelming to employees, and this can have a negative impact on their productivity. In this case, this section of the paper will focus on presenting a critical assessment based on course concepts in order to identify relevant strategies can be applied by international managers in managing conflicts with negative impact on the organization. Mediation In situations of conflicts, there is a need for effective business practices such as mediation. In this case, there is a need for mediators who are personally involved in conflicts, whereby they are expected to offer unbiased opinions. Therefore, managers take the role of becoming mediators, whereby they engage in discussions regarding conflicts (Dowling, Festing & Engle, 2008, 30). In fact, these discussions are based on rules; for instance, managers can stipulate that employees should avoid behaviours such as yelling and portraying emotions since this can lead to escalation of these conflicts. In numerous cases, the mediators in organizations are human resource manager; thus, these managers are expected

The Us Immigration System Is Broken Politics Essay

The Us Immigration System Is Broken Politics Essay Mass immigration to the United States in search of better jobs has been a subject of discussion for decades. Policy makers have been faced with a complex situation to balance the need to attract foreign talent, while on the other side reduce the risks associated with illegal immigration. The current issue is to streamline the bureaucratic process of gaining visas to deal with thousands of illegal immigrants that are currently residing in the US. This is because; these immigrants play a significant role in building the economy of the state. The Current Status of Immigration Debate The issue of illegal immigration to the US is currently posing equal and contradicting issues. On one side, these immigrants are seen as having a significant positive contribution towards the economy while on the other side; they are considered to be leading to economic drain. It is argued that they grab jobs that are meant to be for Americans or they take up those jobs that Americans are unwilling to take. Hence, illegal immigration ought to be addressed so as to yield maximum benefits from the foreign workers while at the same time reducing the inherent risks. The US census that was reported in May 2012 show that more than half of all births in the US come from ethnic minorities. US Response to Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration to the US has been classified as a humanitarian crisis which calls for immediate actions. Statistics however show that efforts to deal with this issue have strolled since the 20th century to the 21st and still in progress till date. It is evident that a lot more is needed to curb the situation other than stronger border enforcements. In 2006, the US government led by Bush who was the president at that time begun strengthening the security at the border. This was through enhancing both physical and technological infrastructure, increasing man power and other advanced technological ways to seal gaps at the borders. While a significant percentage of these improvements were put in place, there still exist more gaps which call for the current government to take a further step. The current president of the United States has a four part strategy that aims at reshaping the immigration status in the US. This strategy was among the chapters that won him interest of many to reelect him in the 2012 general election. President Obama made his people believe that there are fair and effective ways that can be used to deal with the issue of immigrants while ensuring respect is earned on both sides. He further said that common sense has to be used to ensure that US and the home countries of the immigrants receive respect in the way the immigrants are treated. Below are the four strategies of dealing with immigrants Strengthen Security at the Borders Long before Obama became the president of America, he expressed doubt in the number of police patrols at the borders. Other than increasing the number of the security force, Obama puts more emphasis on the tools used to curb crime associated with immigrants. Improved technology and better infrastructure have been put across to foster national security across the borders. Secondly, president Obama proposed a national operation to track all employers who are recruiting persons with no legal documents. The fact that these immigrants enter the states with the sole hope of gaining better employment, the best way to track them is to audit employment records in all companies. This way, no firm will seek to employ persons who have not being legally authorized to work in the US. This is way all firms will be held accountable of any illegal employee who is working for them. This serves as a respectful strategy towards discouraging illegal entrance into America while on the other side encouraging legal immigration. Enhancing Citizenship It would be unethical to chase away close to eleven million immigrants who are currently residing in the US. Therefore, the best way to deal with them is to encourage them to pursue US citizenship. This is a polite way to entice them to come out of their hide outs without punishing innocent persons. To enhance this process, they are required to take personal initiative to learn English, pass national security and criminal background checks, pay penalties and other relevant requirements. Foster Legal Immigration The process of obtaining citizenship for immigrants in the US is comprised of beuractratic processes that are discouraging. This was a proposal to benefit all illegal immigrants who are willing to pursue immigration procedures. This is a move to ensure that entrepreneurs who hold a significant portion in the economy are not disturbed. Recommendations to Deal With Illegal Immigration The issue of illegal migration is no longer trivial to be handled through a single means rather a complex approach has to be assumed. This is an approach that entails: Enhance border security. President Obama says that currently the borders are secure enough to curb to effectively deal with illegal immigration. It is however important to note that the technology used to sneak immigrants across the border changes from day to the other. As a result, this rate of advancements needs to be met with similar rate of technological advancements. These include automatic sensors or cameras and aerial vehicles that provide real time patrol and detection. In addition, the role of securing borders should be a shared responsibility to both the US and its neighbors. Rejection of proposals of Amnesty: Considering the amnesty of 1986 that let free close to three million illegal immigrants in the US, it is noted that amnesty pulls back the efforts to do away with illegal immigration. The Administration ought to enforce strict measures towards amnesty situations. This is to mean that Amnesty should be exercised on conditions that if released, immigrants will be required to return to the countries of their origin. Programs to address the push-pull effect: Illegal immigration to the US is encouraged by the push-pull effect that exists in Latin America and the United States. The push effect refers to the slow economic growth rates in the neighboring countries a factor that forces its citizens to seek for employment from across borders. On the other side, the pull effect refers to the attraction by the need for labor in the US. This can be dealt with by establishing a temporary work program in the US. This will ensure continuos supply of labor to US companies. In an indirect manner, this is a way to foster free market reforms in the US neighboring nations so as to boost their economic opportunities. Boost law enforcement measures in America: Since the government of Obama took office, there has been a notable neglect on security measures in the US. For instance; the Social Security No-Match has been abandoned. This was a means to notify employers during recruitment the legal status and duties of all relevant candidates. On a similar note, the Obama government has been said to have reduced trial of non criminal immigrants once spotted residing in the US. The fact that these two enforcements have been weakened; it is a clear indication to the outside world that migrating illegally to the US is not a big issue as long as one does not commit criminal acts. Public diplomacy to prevent illegal immigration: there is a need to study the patterns of immigration in the US. Public diplomacy should act out of survey information so as to avoid launching blind strategies. Immense concern should be directed to states that show enormous numbers in immigration and these include; Central America, Caribbean and Mexico. In fact, US ambassadors to these states ought to make known to those intending to migrate illegally to the US that they will face the full force of law. Similarities between Immigration Debates Of Both 20th And 21st Century Since the dawn of the twentieth century, the US government has put efforts towards dealing with illegal immigrants residing in the states. This same debate has continued till the 21st century. Each new government promises to put adequate measures that will ensure the issue of illegal immigration into the US enters the books of history. It can however be noted that the issue continues to disturb the economy of the US while at the same time it is boosting the economy. Illegal immigrants have significantly earned the state considerable amounts of money through offering cheap labor in the various US owned firms. This is a factor that has drawn back the efforts of chasing illegal immigrants to go back to their home countries. While on one side the government is struggling to make situations unfavorable for immigrants, private owned firms on the other side are offering better conditions to these immigrants. Private investors have for a long time now been directed the blame of attracting illegal immigration. This is because they seek cheap unskilled labor from these immigrants. The fact that immigrants belong to nations of low economic status makes it possible for them to accept low wages at the places of work. This is a factor that has curtailed the efforts of seeking illegal immigrants residing in the US. Racism and Illegal Immigration in the US The issue of Illegal immigration has not separated itself from the talk of racial discrimination. It is remembered that an article in the Washington Post dated 20th May 2006, showed that a significant percentage of children under five years constituted the Hispanics. This became an issue of concern because Hispanics are partial blacks and hence it seemed blacks are taking over the population of the US. Also, the parliamentary debate to grant legal citizenship to close to twelve million immigrants in the US was met with fierce resistance. To some extent, this resistance was fueled with the move to bar permitting blacks from gaining legal citizenship in the US. Though it might not sound right to say that immigration debates were filled with racism, it is evident that several moves were controlled by racial factor. For instance; there was a strong move to seal the Mexico-US border and send tighten patrol around this area. It is also noted that at the Canada-US border there were no proposed security improvements. The fact that Mexicans are blacks and Canadians resemble Americans is enough to prove the relationship between tribalism and illegal immigration. Racism has been seen to significantly affect the efforts towards dealing with illegal immigration. Though the above moves may be based on a pure need to deal with illegal immigration, the claim of close relationship between racism and illegal immigration still holds some truth. It is crucial at this point to note the African American discrimination that has for a long time thrived in the US. Though it is argued that equality has been achieved, there still exists those schools that are purely meant for Americans. As at now, the federal law in Arizona requires all legal immigrants to prove their legal residency whenever they travel to the US. It however proves humanely difficult to declare a person an illegal immigrant if they entered the US on human reasons. These reasons include the search for treatment, education or better paying job. These are considered rightful in the human perspective, however illegal according to the federal law. The New York Times published an anonymous letter on 1st May 2010 that indicated evidence of racial discrimination to illegal immigrants. The author of this letter notes that there exists racial profiling in Arizona when it comes to issues of illegal immigration. Conclusion The issue of illegal immigration has being a subject of discussion for quite some time in the United States. Though the state benefits from low wage labor, it cannot ignore the risks associated with illegal migration. Among these risks is the increase in security threats. Political leaders and policy makers have argued out that they can provide effective and fair means to deal with this issue. Though their methods may have worked, there is still a long way to go. The move now is leaning towards implementing the four strategies proposed by President Obama. These are fair moves aimed at reducing the benefits of migrating to the US while increasing the risk of residing in the US illegally. For instance, the use of E-verify to decrease the ease of illegal immigrants from obtaining employment is a fair and polite manner of discouraging illegal immigration. Even today, the immigration system remains broken because there has not been effective moves to address the issue of illegal immigration. Even the current government that had won the interest of almost everyone in the way it had promised to address the issue of illegal immigration seems not to succeed. This is because it is exercising contradictory measures in dealing with the situation. While the government proposes an audit to identify illegal immigrants in the firms, it also exercises neglect on Social Security No-Match. This way the whole journey towards curbing illegal immigration seems broken. There is no single definite move rather complex moves that seem to be contradictory. Also, the current means being employed to curb illegal immigration are inhuman and cost the state millions of money. For instance; the government has been said to have spent millions of money in detaining illegal immigrants and also, the detainees face inhuman conditions while awaiting trial. Woks cited

Safe Personal Computing to National Security :: Computers Technology Internet Essays

Safe Personal Computing to National Security Am I Safe at my computer? I’ve posed that question and others to myself many times. Are the e-mail’s I send almost daily truly secure? Are my confidential e-mails from the Ohio University’s server truly confidential? Who else can see what I see? Sure in a perfect world we all would like to believe we‘re safe but the simple fact is that we are not safe all the time and the world is not perfect. People â€Å"hack†, as it is referred to, into almost anything or anywhere. I’d like to think that most people would have the ethics not to violate my personal security, but that’s just it they don’t. This since increasingly our â€Å"e-criminal† of today has the technical skills of an adult and the ethics of a small child (Shuchman). Most astonishing of all is that this is occurring because they are small children, or teens. I choose this topic because computers, e-mail, and the World Wide Web are increasingly becoming the dominate necessity of m y daily life. I am at a computer a least three times a day for lengthy periods of time. I send out personal account information, my social security number and other important secure information across the web and not mention all the information I store my computers hard drive. So I ask once again am I safe? Hacked at Home and Nation Wide You use to only here about the â€Å"serious† e-crimes. You know the ones that try to take down the CIA or the stock exchange. Now the hackers and security risks are hitting home. In the form virus that can do anything from crippling your PC to sending in worms that eat up your files. The attacks aren’t just personal wither. In the spring of 2001 there were attacks on hundreds of personal computers connected to the web via the new broad band connections. Two attacks involving nearly 500 Windows-powered PCs with broadband connections were used to shut down a security consultant's Web site in Southern California (Thorsburg). Hundreds of home computers were seemingly recruited into some sort of malicious cyber army. This or these hackers used computer like yours and mine to work for them turn them against a larger network.

Mendacity vs Truth in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Tennessee Williams’ book Cat on a Hot Tin Roof takes place entirely in the plantation home of the Pollitt family in the Mississippi Delta. The plantation once belonged to a pair of bachelors, and â€Å"Big Daddy† Pollitt had worked for them as an overseer, but he is now the owner of the plantation, which he has built into a dynastic empire. Big Daddy’s family has met at the house to celebrate his birthday. Maggie, a beautiful and witty girl, has escaped a childhood of poverty to marry into the wealthy Pollitt family, but finds herself in an unfulfilling marriage. She is married to Big Daddy’s son, Brick. He is an aging football hero, and constantly neglects his wife. Brick further infuriates her by ignoring his brother's attempts to gain control of the family fortune once Big Daddy passes away. Brick's coldness towards Maggie and his alcoholism can be attributed to the death of his best friend, Skipper. Big Daddy has been feeling a bit under the weather, and what he believes is a spastic colon ends up being a form of cancer. Big Daddy is unaware that of his illness and that he doesn’t have much time left to live, so his doctors and his family have conspired to keep this information from him. The web of lies that is spun throughout this book is huge, spanning nearly every member of the family. Big Daddy comments on it towards the end of the book after he is told the truth by Brick, as he questions â€Å"What’s that smell in the room? Didn’t you notice the powerful and obnoxious odor of mendacity? † According to Big Daddy, â€Å"Mendacity is one of them five-dollar words that cheap politicians throw back and forth at each other. The dictionary definition tells us that mendacity is a falsehood, a lie, or a tendency to be untruthful. Mendacity is seen throughout the play and is a negative effect on the characters. All the characters are affected, but some are impacted more than others. Those greatly affected are Brick, Maggie, Big Daddy, and Gooper. The whole â€Å"lie vs. truths† plays a crucial role in developing the storyline and plot structure of the novel. As I previously mentioned, Brick was always very cold towards Maggie, elling at her and even attempting to hit her with his crutch. The very fact that Brick uses a crutch to walk is symbolic, in that the alcohol was his crutch to deal with Skipper's death. Skipper and Brick have a great friendship, and it can almost be viewed as homosexual. The fact that Skipper killed himself the night after he played in a football game without Brick and had many fumbles and played very poorly overall. Maggie states that â€Å"it was only Skipper that harbored even any unconscious desire for anything not perfectly pure between you too! (Williams, 833) Brick believes Maggie is the reason that Skipper killed himself, because she was ruining their friendship. Brick mourns his love for Skipper, which was the only true and good thing in his life. Maggie never dares speak of the forbidden love, and therefore Big Daddy is forced to step in as the judge. When Big Daddy confronts Brick about the homosexual attraction between himself and Skipper, Brick becomes extremely defensive and explains how their friendship was nothing more than a pure and true friendship. Big Daddy presses the issue, and Brick can no longer lie about the cause of Skipper’s death. It is then revealed at the climax of the book that before Skipper took his own life, he called Brick long distance and drunkenly confessed his love to him, finally removing the weight of the lie that was Skipper’s life, pretending that him and Brick were heterosexual friends. Brick however, didn’t say a word, and just hung up. This ended up being the last time Brick ever heard Skipper’s voice, and because of this, Brick drinks heavily to deal with the pain of taking his best friends life. This moment in the book is very impactful for it is one of the only times that mendacity isn’t in the air, as Brick and Big Daddy are being real with each other, with no veil of lies to hide behind, perfectly put as Big Daddy says, â€Å"then there is at least two people that never lied to each other. † The big deception throughout the play is that of Big Daddy’s health. The entire family and the Doctor are all in on this, and each person becomes split into 2 or 3 individuals because of all the deceit. Big Daddy’s other son Gooper and his wife Mae are both guilty of mendacity. To Big Daddy and Big Momma’s faces, they put on the guise as loving people, when in fact it is all an attempt to get Big Daddy to sign over the land and money to them in his will. They constantly bring up that they have children while Maggie and Brick don’t, and that Brick is an alcoholic. Basically pointing out all the flaws of their â€Å"competition† to try and better themselves in Big Daddy’s eyes. Big Mama lies to herself by thinking that a child from Maggie and Brick would turn Brick into a non-drinking, family man qualified to take over the family place. Big Mama had to have been distraught by the fact that her husband has less than a year left to live, and is being lied to by his entire family, talking on how he will live forever and people toasting to his health. Big Daddy is even wrapped up in the mendacity, as he admits to Brick during their heart-to-heart that everyday of his life is consumed with lies, as he pretends to like Gooper and Mae, but when in reality, he cannot stand them. Big Daddy never loved Gooper, but only desired for him to be successful and have a family. Gooper, in attempt to gain Big Daddy's love, he always did what he thought Big Daddy would have wanted for him, like having children and becoming a lawyer. The two never talk about their lack of relationship, as Gooper only tries to win Big Daddy's love, but Big Daddy never listens to him. Therefore because of this mendacity Gooper does not care about Big Daddy's affection, as I previously mentioned, his main intention is to inherit his land. Their relationship is filled with lies because they never talk about their lack of a relationship, which makes the relationship worse. One of the most important relationships in the book is that of Brick and Maggie. Throughout the entire novel, their conversations are mostly them fighting with each other, and it seems they are a married couple, in name only. Their relationship is based on lies and filled with mendacity, which tears them apart. Maggie lies to Brick and tells him that she and Skipper had an affair, because she was afraid that he was going to steal her husband away. The aforementioned homosexual love affair between Brick and Skipper caused a great deal of turmoil throughout the house. The biggest lie in the entire book comes at the very end of the novel, in which Maggie proclaims to Big Daddy that she is pregnant with Brick’s child. Big Daddy is overjoyed by this news, and decides to put Brick down as the sole beneficiary to the land. The final scene involves Maggie and Brick in the bedroom, with Maggie locking the door and telling Brick that tonight they were going to â€Å"make the lie true. † The false reality that Maggie created by lying will soon to come to fruition and all will be good in the Pollitt household. Brick ends the play by responding to Maggie’s profession of love with â€Å"Wouldn’t it be funny if that were true†¦? † Although Brick sounds confused at her words, but he may simply be assuming that because he had been indifferent towards her, she must also be that way towards him. The lies and mendacity of the entire Pollitt family nearly tear the very structure of their being apart, but in the end, the lies end up creating a better reality, one in that Brick and Big Daddy have come to terms with each other, and Maggie the Cat is finally going to be a mother (assuming her and Brick went through with the sexual conception. Mendacity has caused the Maggie to become much more than just a cat on a hot tin roof, she is now the sole light in Big Daddy’s life, for he’s long awaited for grandchild is finally on the way, and the rekindling of her and Brick’s relationship ends the book on a feel good note. It’s somewhat ironic that after all the pain and suffering caused by the lies, that the happy ending is a product of the biggest lie of them all.

Free Essays on Women Right To Vote

Women's Right to Vote Written by: Lm4103082 After reading Francis Parkman's article, â€Å"Women Are Unfit to Vote†, I found myself both offended and annoyed. His arguments were not only shaky, but they were also illogical. He states that the family has been the political unit; consequently, the head of the family should be the political representative. He goes on by stating that women have shared imperfectly in the traditions and not in the practice of self-government. Lastly, he suggests women might vote that men should go off and fight in war. Not only are these statements wrong, but they are very much so offensive. Women are humans, too, and they should be treated how a man is treated. We are, after all, of an equal race, so why do we women not get the right to vote? In my opinion,this question cannot be answered logically. Many reasons can contradict Parkman’s statements included in his article, and I plan to do so. To start with, Parkman declares that â€Å"the family, and not the individual, has been the political unit, and the head of the family... has been the political representative of the rest.† He is saying that the men are the head of the family; therefore, they should be the ones that vote. But what if the head of the family is a woman? Let’s say, for example, the husband dies unexpectedly, leaving the woman behind to raise the children and take the position as head of the family. Does she then get the right to vote? Or do we simply deny her that right because she is a woman? According to Francis Parkman, the head of the family is the political representative, and no where in that statement did he once specify the head of the family could not be a woman. Therefore, as long as the woman is the head of the family, they should be granted the right to vote. Many circumstances in one’s life may cause them to become, without notice, the head of their family. As quick as they become the new head, they should then b... Free Essays on Women Right To Vote Free Essays on Women Right To Vote Women's Right to Vote Written by: Lm4103082 After reading Francis Parkman's article, â€Å"Women Are Unfit to Vote†, I found myself both offended and annoyed. His arguments were not only shaky, but they were also illogical. He states that the family has been the political unit; consequently, the head of the family should be the political representative. He goes on by stating that women have shared imperfectly in the traditions and not in the practice of self-government. Lastly, he suggests women might vote that men should go off and fight in war. Not only are these statements wrong, but they are very much so offensive. Women are humans, too, and they should be treated how a man is treated. We are, after all, of an equal race, so why do we women not get the right to vote? In my opinion,this question cannot be answered logically. Many reasons can contradict Parkman’s statements included in his article, and I plan to do so. To start with, Parkman declares that â€Å"the family, and not the individual, has been the political unit, and the head of the family... has been the political representative of the rest.† He is saying that the men are the head of the family; therefore, they should be the ones that vote. But what if the head of the family is a woman? Let’s say, for example, the husband dies unexpectedly, leaving the woman behind to raise the children and take the position as head of the family. Does she then get the right to vote? Or do we simply deny her that right because she is a woman? According to Francis Parkman, the head of the family is the political representative, and no where in that statement did he once specify the head of the family could not be a woman. Therefore, as long as the woman is the head of the family, they should be granted the right to vote. Many circumstances in one’s life may cause them to become, without notice, the head of their family. As quick as they become the new head, they should then b...

“Out of area treatments in mental health” the Leeds experience The WritePass Journal

â€Å"Out of area treatments in mental health† the Leeds experience Introduction â€Å"Out of area treatments in mental health† the Leeds experience ) ‘Out of area treatments in mental health: the Leeds experience’, mentalhealth Today, May/June 2012, pp. 19-21

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Exam - Essay Example This is not to mention the fact that human life is more precious than the zero pedals. The board has proved to be rather rigid when dealing with this matter. Whichever way I look at this issue, I seem to hit a wall. At this point, it is important to look at possible solutions. The best solution would be to inform the board and then inform the police. Ethically, this would be the best solution (Sheerow 37). This way I will save both my dignity and integrity and the users of the Zero pedal. However, this may not solve much of the problem since the former employee had tried that to no avail. If anything, this had cost him his job. Additionally, nothing had been done about it. The second thing to do would be to resign and save face. This is to my advantage because once a scandal blows up, which is bound to happen. However, this will not save all the lives of the customers who use the bike. Thirdly, I could advise the management to put a disclaimer that should come with the Zero pedal. Th is disclaimer should go be written in the user’s manual. The possible retailers of the product should also be educated about this product. Advertisements should also be put up educating people about the product as well as any problems that may arise from use of the pedal. This is just to clear up the current stock. However, Doug and the engineering department should start working on a solution as soon as possible in order to correct the defect. Although the cost per bike to fix the defect is high, it remains the management’s responsibility to produce only quality products for its customers. I will propose this solution to the management. If they refuse, I shall resign from my job and report the matter to the relevant authorities and I will inform them as such. I will also team up with my predecessor and take the issue public letting everyone know about the defect. After a lot of thinking, I choose the last alternative and am currently gathering courage to face the boar d. This model is known as Hurson’s Productive Thinking Model (ASQ). It involves using both critical and creative thinking skills at all the steps of the process. This therefore means that I have taken a well rounded look into the problem and come up with the best solution yet. A2. What the sort of money the goods stores are asking for is a shelf fee (Zimmerman 104). Ethically, this is not allowed. Ethically, this fee should not be there since they are not even sure that the product will sell. Additionally, it puts a squeeze on the small company’s finances. However, this fee is acceptable legally. It is known as the shelf fee. Most companies ask for this before putting up any products on their shelves. It is estimated that in the US, manufacturers pay up to $9 billion every year as shelf fees. This according to experts represents up to half of supermarket’s total gains. It is obvious that I need them to put up my products on the shelves if Green Move is to make a ny sales. However, instead of paying $5,000 before even making any profit (Cavallaro 98). I will negotiate to pay a certain amount of money for every good sold. This means that for every Zero Pedal sold, the retailing shop should expect at least 5% of the money received. This will ensure that the retailer himself does some work in trying to market the good since he too is making a kill out of it. Paying him the shelf fee may make the products lie on their shelves without any use. An additional strategy I am

Community Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Assessment - Assignment Example Generally the community in the county is composed of low-income earners with limits ranging from 15,350 dollars and 77,100 dollars (Wise et al., 2008). The median income is 46, 844 dollars. This constitutes low income compared to other areas in the United States. Domestic violence is dominant due to the fact that most of the population is low-income earners and engage in the use of drugs especially tobacco; these are likely to cause conflicts. There is little of importance from these issues than there are problems. The county is largely rural, and most people face health and education problems and thus cannot make well-informed decisions that better their wellbeing. Drug use, poor health status, and unplanned pregnancies are just examples of how the decision-making mechanism among the community members is negatively influenced. Discrimination affects mostly non-native Americans; they undergo the highest unemployment rate, lowest annual income, worst education, highest functional illi teracy rates, and highest death rate. Notably, El Paso County like many other communities has not yet constituted an efficient system to assess the presence and impacts of domestic violence and child maltreatment. Women and children under the age of 12 form the greatest percentage of victims of domestic violence, which results in about 2 million injuries and almost 1,300 deaths. In fact, an intimate or former spouse commits about a half of murders occurring in the community and the victims are mostly female. Moreover, 17 children were killed for the period of 2000-2005 during a domestic violence associated incident (Eaves, 2010). The target population for domestic violence cases is 14,726 that forms the number of cases filed in Colorado Law Courts in 2005 and classified as domestic violence oriented. The El Paso County Sherriff’s Office and Colorado Springs Police Department responded to about

School Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School Resources - Essay Example Lastly, the comparisons for the required staff, allotted staff and desired staff were also provided. School Resources Introduction The aim of schools at Newton County in Georgia State is to offer learning excellence to every child. Georgia State ensures that every occupant is entitled to enhanced education since better education is the right for every inhabitant. Therefore, for the state government to fulfill this aspect, it ensures that students receive better education across the state. This is through deploying teachers with effective education skills and offering them, better incentives to enable them deliver effective services. Every state constitution ensures that every citizen has the right to education; thus, the states play significant roles in ensuring that there are fair and equitable financial resources vital for enabling teachers to deliver effective services to students (LexiNexis, 2013). The financial resources, which is available in every state has two parts including the revenue and the expenditure sides. Funds have been on increase and many fundraisers have been dedicated to varied schools in order to make education work better for all citizens. Financial Resources State The financial resources of the school will include the revenue and expenditure since these accounts for the significant part of the state money. The funding revenue taxes are produced by the states and these are allocated for varied activities at the local schools. For instance, the high school local 5 mills are 197, 117, 287 and this indicates that 1 mill is worthy 39423457.4 dollars (Barge, 2013). These accounts for the total funds generated to meet the total expenses, which is often not funded by the federal or state government. Newton district received state funds of about $ 10, 009,047 for learning purposes in the current year (GaDOE, 2013). The QBE (Quality Basic Education), which is salary and operating cost for high school grade 9-12, is $ 11, 390,203. The FTE (full-ti me equivalent) is approximated 3, 741; thus a teacher teaching in high school will earn approximately $2,744. 80 (Barge, 2013). Federal The federal funding for schools in the current year is $ 1, 814, 00 to Newton County and direct transfer for federal revenue is $ 91. 000 (Barge, 2013). The federal government transfer of income, which is provided to the Georgia state, can be categorized in varied ways. The child nutrition act is estimated at $ 580, 000, safe and drug fee to schools is $ 8.000, children with disabilities act is $ 360, 000, vocational and technological education is $ 35,000 and other federal funding is estimated at $ 238,000. The federal government to enable the local schools to meet the needs of students with disabilities meets more than 5 percent of funds for locals; these funds are generated form tax collections and the QBE act makes the decisions about the funding. Therefore, the local system should provide FTE enrollment of students in order to enable the federa l government deliver the state funding effectively. This is because the state funding relies heavily on full-time equivalent report. Therefore, it is necessary for a student in Newton County to report in class at least for ten to fifteen days before the FTE report is taken. This is vital because the funding available for every

English Speaking Proficiency of Ip Student in the University of Mindanao Essay Example for Free

English Speaking Proficiency of Ip Student in the University of Mindanao Essay Research Design This research was designed using qualitative way of gathering information such as opinion, ideas, and knowledge of every respondent. The researchers preferred to use an interview guide for the participant within the campus of the University of Mindanao. The method was design and suited to facilitate the respondents of giving their answer that will be helpful on pushing down the information needed to this study to attain. The goal of their research and answer the question stated in chapter 1. The researchers used this kind of method because it was a fact-finding study with fully sufficient and accurate interpretations of the findings. The researchers also believed that this was the most suitable method to use. Research Subjects In order to accumulate information such as opinion, ideas, and knowledge, the researchers preferred the research subjects of this study are the two (2) respondents coming from the students of the University of Mindanao. There were 2 researchers subjects who were interviewed for this study. Respondents one (1) is a 19 years old coming from the Island City of Samal, singe, and presently pursuing the degree of Education major in English. She is one of the Indigenous Student in the University of Mindanao as one of the privilege scholar in the said institution. She belongs to the Uvo Manuvu tribe. Subject/respondents two (2) is also an Indigenous student in the University of Mindanao, she’s proud to represent her tribe as Ata. She is 20 years-old, taking up Bachelor of Secondary of Education major in English as one of the Government scholar in the said institution. She was crowned as â€Å"Hiyas ng Kadayawan† way back 2010. The two (2) respondents was driven down to the list ing of all courses and year level in the university to prevent biases. For purpose of confidentiality, the names of respondents are kept. Letter for memo CHOCOLATE HEAVEN EMPORIUM MEMORANDUM TO: All Staff FROM: Management T.C. DATE: November 9th, 20 SUBJECT: STAFF CHRISTMAS PARTY Its that time of year again. As you all know, Christmas is our busiest season of the year. Every year it is a struggle for management and supervisors to find the time and energy to organize a staff Christmas party. This year, we have decided to postpone the Christmas party until after our busy season. Party Details * Date: Second or third Saturday in January (T.B.A) * Theme: Beach * Food: Caribbean * Special events: Karaoke and belly dancing We apologize that the celebration will have to wait until the new year, but we guarantee that it will be worth the wait. Anyone interested in volunteering to help out with the event is encouraged to call Lucy, our events coordinator. Lucys cell phone number is 222-3098. Please contact Lucy outside of business hours regarding this matter. Thank you. T.C. Cover Letter for Trainer Peggy Wesson 54 Pinehurst Street, Apt. 4 San Francisco, CA 12345 123-555-1234 [emailprotected] March 30, 20xx Ms. Carol Pilsner Director of Human Resources Do-Right Weavers 250 Bradonton Road South San Francisco, CA 12345 Dear Ms. Pilsner, Thank you for spending time on the phone with me this afternoon. I am definitely enthusiastic about applying for the position of trainer. Im willing to do the required coursework on my own. In two months I can complete: * The Train the Trainer program at UC Berkeley Extension * John Capers Training Certification Is your schedule free for an interview soon? Ill call you to see when we can meet. Again, thank you for encouraging me to take advantage of this career opportunity. Sincerely, Peggy Wesson Enclosure: resume

Dragons Legacy :: essays research papers

Foreword In the days of the Ancients there was a race like no other, for they were blessed with a unique gift of being able to speak and understand Dragon Tongue. Rumors spread about these magical folk, penetrating right into the heart of the Evil Lord’s great fortress in the Dark Lands. Evil Lord Malus Dominus heard of this race, and he became worried. All knew that dragons were a superior race that could be only be defeated by immortals. They were the strongest creatures alive. If these folk were to forge an alliance with the dragons he would surely perish. Before dawn the next day, he had summoned his undead warriors. They had destroyed the race before daybreak †¦ well that’s what they thought. A few hours later some traders passed by the spot where the village had been and they heard a noise. When they went to investigate they found a child wrapped in a silk sheet just barely alive. So they took the child and raised it as one of there own never knowing its secret. Chapter 1 – The Truth Realized The merchant’s son Dazhrej was the finest archer in the Princedom of Vellant’im. His father Rovnir went to the inn every night and gloated. The bandit had slain the guards surrounding the treasury and made off with the loot. If Dazhrej had not had to fetch some more silk for his father he would not have seen the bandit making off with the Prince’s treasure covered in the blood of the Prince’s royal guards. Dazhrej yelled for the man to stop. The bandit obliged, turned around and went for his barbed throwing knife. Before he had a chance to throw it he had an arrow in his arm pinning it to a tree. Before the fellow had a chance to take in the damage he had another arrow right between his eyes. The Prince thanked Dazhrej for recovering his treasure and rewarded Dazhrej by offering to foster him until knighthood. Dazhrej gladly accepted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Three years later Dazhrej now excelled in swordplay, knife fighting and magic. â€Å"Dazhrej, have the horses been readied?† asked Prince Ronan. â€Å"Yes, your highness,† Dazhrej replied. â€Å"We leave at sunrise,† the Prince said. â€Å"Ah, Prince Ronan, where are we going?† Dazhrej asked with curiosity. â€Å"The Grand Congregation of course,† replied Prince Ronan. â€Å"Every Prince is going to be there. It’s where we draw up the trade laws, permits and settle disputes between the Princedoms.† â€Å"Oh. Why did you not go last year or the year before?

Dark Ages of Nursing Essay

During the late middle ages (1000-1500) because of crowding and poor sanitation in the monasteries nurses went into the community. During this era hospitals were built and the number of medical schools increase. Between 1500 and 1860 (A.D.) politics, the Renaissance all affected nursing. As nursing was not valued as an intellectual endeavour it lost much of its economic support and social status at the start of the Renaissance. The deterioration of Catholicism which had supported the monasteries, hospitals, and nursing was led to the climax of its decay by the Protestant Reformation. A widespread movement of suppression of monasteries occurred similar to that in England which was brought about by Henry (VIII) who had used the advantage of Protestantism to free himself from Papal authority. The King used his revolt of the church based on the Roman Catholic Church refusal to sanction his divorce. He destroyed over 600 monasteries during his Protestants revolt. The immediate result of t he monastic dissolution was the hospitals and inns were suddenly snatched away from a public dependent upon them for many centuries. Which caused the poor to be without any principle organized system of relief. An additional effect of the Reformation was the complete withdrawal of medicine from the monastery to the University. Thus medicine found a refuge that was denied to nursing. Medical advancement had been assured while the techniques of nursing remained unchanged in the guardianship of brothers, and nuns who continued practising nursing. The Protestants viewed the woman’s place as being in the home raising children. Industrial class women took in work or went out to work. As nursing was not considered acceptable even to the industrial classes nurses were usually immoral, drunken, illiterate, and/or prostitutes. Nurses were considered to be the lowest level of human society. A decline in the quality of public service for the sick was noticeable towards the end of the mid dle ages. It took about 200 years for the public to recognize the need to pay for quality nursing care to restart vocational desirability. The public first had to separate nursing from domestic service in which it had become deeply entangled. Mismanagement, inadequacy, suffering and deliberate exploitation made things worse. Civil appointees who were men undertook leadership and withheld authority from women – who then lost control over nursing. Matrons were put in charge of secular riff raff who were taken on as nurses. The word â€Å"Sister† was retained to please the public for amongst the rich and poor it had come to be associated with the sympathy and encouragement of the monastic nuns. The latter half of the period between 1500 to 1860 A.D. saw nursing conditions at their worst and has been called the dark period of nursing. New hospitals had been built but quickly became places of horror as unsanitary conditions caused them to be a source of epidemics and disease. Furthermore a taxation upon windows caused windows to be bricked up in places of the poor and hospitals thus removing natural lighting and fresh air thus creating further a situation which bred disease and epidemics. Seldom were opposite sexes and different disease separated. Often hospital beds were shared. Nurses when off duty slept within hearing range of their patients and were still on call. Crowding of wards often made them impossible to clean. Because of the high demands placed upon nursing staff nursing procedures which were limited and simple became even more limited and simple. Cleansing of patients was no longer attempted. Only the usual nursing treatments such as bleeding and purging were ordered. Because of the hard work, long hours, poor pay, and poor food respectable women were not expected to do nursing. The majority of the work consisted of housework, scrubbing and laundry which had hours which varied between 12 to sometimes 48 hours. Character nor training was a consideration in nursing. In 1545 the council of Trent decreed that every community of women should live in strict enclosure. It took over 200 years of resistance for women to overcome this decree. The nursing sisters of France made little or no resistance such that their professional standards deteriorated. During the Renaissance (1500-1850 A.D.) the interests in the arts and sciences increased such that there were many developments in the technologies for and care of the sick. Transition from health care by religious orders where nursing was practised were replaced by hospitals where conditions were dependent upon the economic support of the people requiring care. Even though there were significant advancements in science because nursing was still seen as something that should only be done by those who could not find another way in which to make money the nursing profession did not advance. The dark ages of nursing lasted for three centuries until the mid 2800’s when Florence Nightingale brought about a change. Even though the advancement of medicine did not affect nursing during the Renaissance – in the late 1500’s several groups began nursing during the Renaissance – in the late 1500’s several groups began nursing and tending the sick, poor, and dying. Amongst these groups were St. Francis de Sales, the Order of the Visitation of Mary, St. Vincent DePaul, the Sisters of Charity, Dames de Chari te’, Louise le Gras, Brothers Hospitallers of St. John, Albuquerque, Order of St. Augustine, St. Camillas De Lellis, Jeanne Biscot, and the Nursing Sisters of St. Joseph de La Fleche. Many of these people came from rich and influential families. Thus setting the trend for their peers to become involved in charitable nursing and institutions of nursing. When such institutions of charitable nursing were shown to do well the ruling classes and churches would begin supporting these economically. The views of the well to do upon the nursing care of the sick, mentally ill, elderly, dying and indigent had a strong influence upon the presence and quality or lack of nursing care available during the Medieval Times through the Renaissance.